Explain in detail the salient features of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

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Introduction The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is India's first comprehensive legislation specifically targeting water pollution. Enacted in response to rapid industrial growth and deteriorating water quality, the Act adopts a command-and-control approach — laying down standards for effluent discharge and enforcing penalties for non-compliance. It was amended in 1988 to make it more comprehensive. The Act provides for the establishment of the Central Pollution Control Boa