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Mumbai University›
Second Year LLB›
Semester 3›
Practical Training II›
Ch 3: Foreign Awards, Conciliation, Mediation Act 2023, Negotiation & Counselling›
What is Counseling?

1. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 - Free Legal Aid, Lok Adalats & Permanent Lok Adalats32

Introduction to ADR and Access to Justice (Article 39A)
What are the provisions in the Constitution of India regarding free legal aid? Who is entitled to free legal aid under t
Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 - Scheme and Objectives
Define “legal services” under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
Hierarchy of Legal Services Authorities - NALSA, SLSA, HCLSC, DLSA, TLSC
Assess the role of the State Legal Services Authority in rendering free legal aid in India.
Entitlement to Free Legal Services - Section 12 LSAA 1987
What is Legal Literacy?
What are the powers of the Permanent Lok Adalat?
Lok Adalats - Chapter VI (ss.19-22) LSAA
Permanent Lok Adalats for Public Utility Services (PLA) - Chapter VI-A (ss.22A-22E)
What are Permanent Lok Adalats?
Para Legal Volunteers and Legal Aid Clinics
Short Note: Entitlement to Legal Services.
Legal Literacy, Awareness and Access to Justice Programmes
Short Note: Supreme Court Legal Services Committee.
Short Note: Legal Literacy.
Leading Cases on Free Legal Aid and Article 39A
Who are entitled for the free legal aid?
Explain the types of disputes that may be referred to Permanent Lok Adalats.
Huny and Priya met in college while pursuing the degree of LLB; opted for Court Marriage. The marriage was witnessed by
Huny and Priya met in college while pursuing LLB; opted for Court Marriage. Their marriage was witnessed by Zafar Ali, L
What is the provision for free legal aid in the Indian Constitution?
Two parties appear before Permanent Lok Adalat (PLA) in a dispute regarding supply of drinking water services. They atte
A poor migrant woman files a domestic violence complaint. She is unable to afford a lawyer. She contacts the State Legal
Rocky Randhawa and Rani Chatterjee were arguing about the Grants by the Central Government to the Legal Service Authorit
A contractual dispute involving Rs. 50 Lakhs is referred to Lok Adalat in National Lok Adalat drive. Parties settle and
Define Para Legal.
What are the powers of the NALSA?
Explain the hierarchy levels of the legal services authorities in India under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
Explain Prima Facie in a case.
Explain the powers and functions of the National Legal Services Authority under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987

2. Arbitration under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (Part I)33

Introduction, History and Scheme of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996
Define arbitral award.
Arbitration Agreement - Section 7
Define Arbitration.
Types of Arbitration - Domestic, International Commercial, Institutional, Ad-hoc, Fast-Track
Reference to Arbitration by Judicial Authority - Section 8
Appointment of Arbitrators - Section 11
Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators - Sections 12-14 and the Fifth and Seventh Schedules
What is an Arbitral Award?
Define International Commercial Arbitration.
Jurisdiction and Kompetenz-Kompetenz - Section 16
Interim Measures - Sections 9 and 17
Explain arbitration and negotiation.
Arbitral Proceedings - Sections 18 to 27
Arbitral Award - Sections 28 to 33 (Form, s.29A Time-limit, s.31 Costs)
Explain the doctrine of waiver under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
What are pre-requisites of Arbitration Proceeding?
Setting Aside the Arbitral Award - Section 34
Manner of appointment of arbitrators under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
Appealable Orders - Section 37
Manner of appointment of arbitrators and grounds for challenging an arbitrator under the Arbitration and Conciliation Ac
Raju and Shyam entered into a contract relating to sale of goods, whereas Clause 6 of the contract mentioned that in cas
The 2015, 2019 and 2021 Amendments to the Arbitration Act
Define Arbitrator.
Rohan and Alisha enter into a contract. A dispute arises and the arbitration clause says “any dispute shall be referred
Two parties agree in their arbitration agreement that the arbitral tribunal must pass award within 6 months from date of
After constitution of arbitral tribunal, Meera and Sameera settle the dispute privately between themselves without infor
Ram and Harish entered into a contract relating to sale of goods, whereas Clause 6 of the contract mentioned that in cas
What is the minimum and maximum number of arbitrators permitted in Arbitral proceeding?
Explain the statutory provisions relating to setting aside of an arbitral award under the Arbitration & Conciliation Act
Explain the salient features of “Conciliation” under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. How is it different fro
Write a note on “Conciliation” in light of the relevant provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
Procedure for enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

3. Foreign Awards, Conciliation, Mediation Act 2023, Negotiation & Counselling22

Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards - Part II (ss.44-60)
Define Conciliation.
New York Convention 1958 and Enforcement Procedure (ss.44-52)
Define Negotiation.
Geneva Convention 1927 and Chapter II (ss.53-60)
What is Mediation? How is it different from Conciliation?
What is Counseling?
Conciliation under Part III (Sections 61 to 81)
Define Counselling.
What is settlement agreement?
Mediation Act 2023 - A New Statutory Framework
Negotiation - Meaning, Techniques, BATNA and Styles
Define Mediation.
Counselling - Role of the Counsellor, Skills and Ethics
Comparison of ADR Methods - Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, Negotiation, Lok Adalat
Explain Negotiation and Counselling.
What is Pre-litigation conciliation?
Distinguish between Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation and Negotiation.
Distinguish between Arbitration and Conciliation citing relevant statutory provisions.
Om Kapoor was involved in an arbitral proceeding with Mukesh Mehra. A competent international authority awarded the Arbi
What are the differences between the Arbitral Proceeding v. Conciliation?
Mediation is governed by which Act?

4. Legal Writing, Public Interest Litigation, Legal Research & Law Office Management27

Write a case comment on Salomon v. A. Salomon & Co. Ltd.
Legal Writing - Articles, Case Comments and Research Papers
Write a case comment on Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
The Art of a Case Comment - Methodology
Public Interest Litigation - Concept, Origin and Scope
Liberalisation of Locus Standi and Epistolary Jurisdiction
Write a case comment on Donoghue v. Stevenson.
Leading PIL Cases - Hussainara, Bandhua Mukti, Vishaka, Parmanand Katara, M.C. Mehta
PIL Guidelines and the Problem of Abuse
Legal Research - Methods and Sources
Name two cases of PIL.
Online Legal Research Databases - SCC Online, Manupatra, Indian Kanoon, Westlaw, LexisNexis, AIR
Citation Style - Bluebook, OSCOLA and NLUD Rules
What are the websites that are referred for referencing the case law?
Short Note: Difference between Judicial Proceeding and Non-Judicial Proceeding.
Law Office Management - Set-up, Staff, Documentation, IT, Billing and Ethics
Difference between Court and Arbitration.
List out the technologies used during the judicial proceedings.
Explain, in brief, any two cases relating to Public Interest Litigation.
Explain Amicus Curiae.
Write a case comment on Gloucester Grammar School.
What is Public Interest Litigation?
Write a case comment on the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
What are the websites that can be used for research?
Write a case analysis: Parmanand Katara v. Union of India (AIR 1989 SC 2039).
Write a case analysis: Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India (AIR 1984 SC 802).
What is Public Interest Litigation? Discuss the evolution of Public Interest Litigation in India.

Mumbai University · Second Year LLB · Semester 3

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