Nature & characteristics of a company; types (private, public, OPC, small, dormant, holding/subsidiary, foreign, Section 8); lifting of the corporate veil & citizenship; promoters & pre-incorporation contracts; Memorandum & Articles of Association; doctrines of ultra vires, constructive notice & indoor management; prospectus (kinds, Golden Rule, civil & criminal liability for mis-statements); allotment & private placement; share capital, preference shares, sweat equity, premium, bonus, buy-back; debentures.